Marketing and New Product Essay Example for Free

Marketing and New Product Essay Scenario 1: Clean Edge Razor: Splitting Hairs in Product Positioning description After three years of development, Paramount Health and Beauty Company is preparing to launch a new technologically advanced vibrating razor called Clean Edge. The innovative new design of Clean Edge provides superior performance by stimulating the hair follicles to lift the hair from the skin, allowing for a closer shave. The company has already decided to introduce Clean Edge into the mens market where it has a strong presence. Jackson Randall, the product manager for Clean Edge, struggles with how best to position the product for the launch. One strategy is to release Clean Edge as a niche product, targeting the high-end market of fastidious groomers looking for superior skin care products. Another strategy is to release the product into the highly competitive mainstream razor market where the product can be positioned as the most effective razor available. Randall meets internal resistance to the mainstream strategy from the product manager for the companys current, but aging, mainstream razor products and he must consider the effects of cannibalization in his plan. Randall must recommend an optimal strategy and provide supporting economic analysis of his decisionnot just for Clean Edge, but for its effect on the entire company. Learning objective: Explore issues associated with strategic product positioning. Review new product development process and understand the importance of evaluating product-company and product-market fit in assessing new product opportunities. Understand the importance and marketing implications of determining whether a new product is a big breakthrough or a simple line extension. Subjects covered: Marketing strategy; New product marketing; Product positioning; Profitability analysis; Quantitative analysis Setting: * Geographic: United States * Event Year Begin: 2010 Scenario 2: Culinarian Cookware: Pondering Price Promotion description Subjects Covered: Price Promotion, Pricing Policy, Consumer Marketing, Profitability Analysis, Retailing, Sales Promotion, Distribution Policy, Brand Equity, Trade Relations, and Product Management. In November of 2006, senior executives at Culinarian Cookware were debating the merits of price promotions for the companys premium cookware products. The VP of Marketing, Donald Janus, and Senior Sales Manager, Victoria Brown, had different views. Janus felt price promotions were unnecessary, potentially damaging to the brand image, and possibly encouraged retailer hoarding; Brown believed the promotions strengthened trade support, improved brand awareness, and stimulated sales from both new and existing customers. The issue was complicated by a consultants study of the firms 2004 price promotions which concluded that these promotions had a negative impact on profits. Janus trusted the results, but Brown, believing the study assumptions were flawed and required further analysis, suspected the promotions had actually produced positive results. The pressing decision is whether to run a price promotion in 2007 and, if so, to determine what merchandise to promote and on what terms. The broader issue is what strategy Culinarian should pursue to achieve sales growth goals, and what role, if any, price promotion should play. Subjects Covered: Price Promotion, Pricing Policy, Consumer Marketing, Profitability Analysis, Retailing, Sales Promotion, Distribution Policy, Brand Equity, Trade Relations, Cookware Learning objective: 1. Explore the risks and opportunities of price promotion as a strategic and tactical marketing tool. 2. Through quantitative analysis, evaluate the financial impact of a price promotion using different cost and sales assumptions. 3. Develop the details of a price promotion policy consistent with overall marketing objectives. Subjects covered: Brand equity; Consumer marketing; Pricing policies; Profitability analysis; Sales promotions; Small medium-sized enterprises Setting: * Geographic: United States * Event Year Begin: 2006 Scenario 3: Metabical: Positioning and Communications Strategy for a New Weight Loss Drug (Brief Case) description Topics include Consumer Behavior, Marketing Communications, New Product Launch, Product Positioning, and Push/Pull Marketing. This case can be used separately or in conjunction with Brief Case #4183, Metabical: Pricing, Packaging, and Demand Forecasting for a New Weight Loss Drug. Cambridge Sciences Pharmaceuticals (CSP) expects final approval for its revolutionary weight loss drug, Metabical. Metabical will be the only weight loss drug with FDA approval that is also clinically proven to be effective for moderately overweight people. Barbara Printup, Senior Marketing Director for CSP, must develop the positioning strategy and marketing communications plan in preparation for the launch of the new drug. Printup must consider the consumer decision-making process and the interaction between the consumer who purchases the drug and the health care provider who prescribes the medication. Despite promising medical studies and consumer research, poor positioning of the drug in the highly competitive market for weight-loss solutions could spell disaster. Students analyze market research data and consider the optimal positioning strategy and marketing communications program. Learning objective: Understanding the hierarchy-of-effects, the decision-making unit, the decision-making process, and push vs. pull communications. Identifying strategies for segmenting, targeting, and positioning new products. Understanding the critical elements of a marketing communications program. Subjects covered: Consumer behavior; Marketing communications; Product introduction Setting: * Geographic: United States * Industry: Pharmaceuticals * Event Year Begin: 2008 Scenario 4: Reed Supermarkets: A New Wave of Competitors description Reed Supermarkets is a high-end supermarket chain with operations in several Midwestern states. Meredith Collins, vice president of marketing, visits stores located in Columbus, Ohio, an important region with the largest market and the greatest impact on revenue growth. She is concerned about increased competition from dollar stores and limited-assortment stores offering very low, appealing price points. Reeds market research shows that as a result of the economic downturn, customer loyalty is dwindling and consumers are willing to go to multiple stores to get the best deals. Collins must decide whether to change the current marketing and positioning plan in an effort to increase market share to meet challenging corporate targets. Her options include retreating from price competition and focusing on quality or embracing more private-label brands and competing more aggressively on price. She can also maintain the current positioning and appeal to customers looking for a quality shoppi ng experience. The case contains an implicit quantitative assignment that instructors can emphasize to the degree they choose. Learning objective: Explore elements of marketing strategy, market segmentation, product differentiation, and product positioning for a retail organization. Analyze and differentiate among conflicting strategic perspectives. Understand the cycle of retailing, which suggests that new retail stores naturally evolve from low-price, low-overhead stores to become upscale retailers offering additional services and product lines. Subjects covered: Competitive strategy; Consumer marketing; Market positioning; Market segmentation; Marketing strategy Setting: * Geographic: United States * Industry: Supermarkets * Event Year Begin: 2011 Scenario 5: TruEarth Healthy Foods: Market Research for a New Product Introduction (Brief Case) description Topics covered include: consumer marketing, market research, new product introduction, and quantitative analysis. TruEarth Healthy Foods, a maker of gourmet pastas, sauces, and meals, wants to build on its successful introduction of fresh whole grain pasta by introducing a similar product concept for pizza. In an increasingly competitive market, TruEarth is focused on beating its competition and wants to act quickly and decisively. The company conducts extensive market research, first using focus groups to test the concept and then following up with take-home trials. Acting as brand managers, students must complete a quantitative analysis of the available data to project the sales volume for pizza and then decide whether to bring the new product to market. Learning objective: 1. Understand the assumptions and techniques for estimating markets and projecting sales 2. Analyze and interpret data to decide whether to bring a new product to market 3. Recognize the importance of perceived value to consumers for a new product as compared with existing products 4. Understand the limitations of making decisions based on research and available data

Do Rich and Poor Districts Spend Alike? :: essays research papers

Do Rich and Poor Districts Spend Alike? (NCES 97-916) Ordering Information The right to a free and public education has long been considered to be at the heart of the American ideal of equal opportunity for all. The importance placed on public elementary and secondary education services is reflected in an annual expenditure of approximately $250 billion. Given the magnitude of this investment, it is not surprising that there is also a great deal of interest in how these dollars are allocated to students. One result of this interest is a long Mitigative and research history examimng the relationship between access to public education resources and community wealth (e.g., Berne and Stiefel 1984). The purpose of this brief is to provide a direct view of this relationship across all of the school districts of the nation for the 1989–90 school year. These findings are based on a Research and Development Report (Parrish, Matsumoto, and Fowler 1995) produced by the National Center for Education Statistics. Since this research is intended to be developmental in nature, these resuks should be considered tentative and suggestive. Although different measures of community wealth and public education resources may be used, in this analysis community wealth is defined as the median income of the households located within school district boundaries./1 This measure of wealth is compared to three alternative measures of the resources available to public schools in the district. These are expenditures per student, expenditures converted to education "buying power," and the average number of students per teacher. The first measure is in actual unadjusted dollars; the second i s an estimate of the relative power of those dollars to buy education resources; and the third is a direct measure of arguably the most critical single education resource, the ratio of students to teachers. While dollars and students per teacher are direct measures of the actual resources received by students, "buying power" is a new concept currently under development by the education research community. These three measures represent a progression from the dollars available for students, to an estimate of the relative power of those dollars to buy education resources, to a direct measure of those resources. Districts with high-income households have more to spend for public education. Differences in public education spending are most pronounced at the extremes of median household income (figure 1). The average public education expenditure in districts serving students in the nation's poorest communities (i.

Essay on School Field Trips

Can teachers and students imagine all year in class without a chance at a hands-on experience? Field trips should continue throughout the remainder of the school year, because students can put skills into action, learning in new environments, and enhance the curriculum. The way students can put skills into action is by working together with classmates to achieve one goal. If field trips are abolished students that do not learn well in the classroom may lose interest in a particular subject. Field trips teach students that they can learn everywhere. To begin with, field trips are a great way for students to put skills they learn in the classroom into action. There are three different types of different methods of learning, including visual, auditory, and tactile. By taking field trips away tactile learners would not learn as well as the visual and auditory. Tests and classroom education may not work so great for some children, field trips put every student at the same level. The learning is experience rather than taught. Additionally, learning in new environments can provide challenges for more individualize learning. During field trips students can learn as much information as they want to, but in the classroom restrictions apply because of the different learning styles. Field trips expose students to new experiences which may lead to new interest or talents. This can be helpful to the students in the long run because they have seen what they like and enjoy doing; therefore they can get an education and pursue that interest. Above all, field trips enhance the curriculum for the students. The students, by field trips, are aware that they can learn from anywhere and everywhere on earth. Field trips are simple tasks, but they teach students so many useable things in life that are needed in the future workplaces. Some of these things include: problem solving, analytical thinking, theory making, and critical thinking skills. These skills will stick with them for the rest of their life, but if students do not get to go on field trips no skills will be experienced. In conclusion, field trips are expensive, however if we want our students to experience skills that will stick with them we must continue to go on educational field trips. Financial restrictions are a burden to the school system even if the admission is free. Gas, bus driver, and food is what pushes the cost up. Money is not everything in life when it comes to education we must put everything else aside and put students first. That’s why our school does not need to cut field trips for the remainder of the year, because it puts our skills into action, lets students learn in new environments, and enhances the curriculum. While books can teach and computers can instruct, but they do compare to hands-on experience.

Helmut Newton

NEWTON HELMUT because of the threat of the Nazis. This turned out to be a gift to the world because it eventually gave him the freedom to pursue his now legendary career in photography. HELMUT NEWTON was born in Germany and later forced out of the country We see a lot of sexy photos of women in today's magazines, most of them designed only to titillate and excite men, having no artistic message that goes beyond â€Å"I am sexy†. In the fashion photography world, however, there is one man that has used the female form to delve into human nature even though it is viewed by many as pornographic and inappropriate.Helmut Newton, for decades, pushed the envelope in fashion photography. HELMUT NEWTON Born on October 31, 1920 in Berlin, Helmut Newton grew up in a privileged family. Due to his passion for photography, he stopped going to school and pursued an apprenticeship with Elsie Simon, a top photographer. He only had this job for a while because he had to leave Germany due to Ado lf Hitler's violent treatment of. He went to Singapore and got a job there but it did not last long though. He moved around Singapore for a while until he moved to Australia in 1940.There, he settled and built a new life with his wife, June Brunell. He continued following his passion for photography, eventually getting his work to appear in top fashion magazines around the world. Helmut Newton, 1978 HELMUT NEWTON His Career as a Photographer From his small photo studio that he built in Melbourne, he eventually got the creative momentum that led him to get his photos published in French Vogue in 1961. From there, his name became synonymous to the magazine's look and feel, leading to more work for other magazines such as Nova, Queen, Marie-Claire, Elle, Playboy and different editions of Vogue.His provocative photos of women earned him the titles â€Å"Prince of Porn† and â€Å"King of Kink†. This image of his kind of photography was cemented with the release of his book called â€Å"White Women,† an erotic publication that defines his style and artistic vision. Ornella Muti by Helmut Newton,1986 HELMUT NEWTON Purveyor of Powerful Women Helmut Newton images depicting women in men's clothing and depicting them as powerful figures, breaking all the molds built by society, made heads turned. It also led some people to ask for his head to roll.Even with all the controversy, he continued pushing the envelope in photographing women by taking images of nude bodies in provocative positions. It may have been met by scrutiny and rage in the beginning, but it eventually became the industry standard. His unconventional images of femme fatales made Helmut Newton a legend in fashion photography. Not even his death in 2004 would end his undeniable influence in how photography can exude power in women. Le Smoking by Helmut Newton,1975 HELMUT NEWTON A LegendHelmut Newton did not just limit his photography to nude women and fashion. He also shared with the who le world his early life as a survivor of the Nazi invasion in Germany. He took portraits of Nazi personalities and other people relevant to the very difficult time in world history. Helmut Newton images clearly show the world through the eyes of a nomad who wandered the earth, not giving a care to people's judgments and myopic views. Willy Van Rooy by Helmut Newton, Vogue 1967 HELMUT NEWTON Helmut Newton 31 October 1920 – 23 January 2004Newton died on January 23, 2004 due to a car accident in California. It was reported that he lost control of his car because of sudden heart attack. The 83 years old photographer crashed into the wall beyond the Hotel Chateau Marmont's driveway in Hollywood. HELMUT NEWTON Some of his work HELMUT NEWTON Dressed They’re coming (naked) Paris,1981 HELMUT NEWTON Miami,1978 Bergstrom over Paris,1976 HELMUT NEWTON Celebrities Naomi Campbell The face 1991 Sigourney Weaver Monica Bellucci Blumarine Spring-Summer 1993 (Ad Campaign) HELMUT NEWTON Thank You

What To Do To Increase Blogging Productivity Monday

What To Do To Increase Blogging Productivity Monday Happy Monday. What did you do this weekend? Perhaps you spent the weekend blogging. Almost half of bloggers do exactly that every weekend, according to Orbit Medias recent blogger survey. That still leaves about 60 percent of you who  leave blogging to the work week, and that means the arrival of Monday brings with it a mad rush to do the hard work of content creation. So, when the weekend is over, do you get  a case of the Mondays when it comes to blogging?  Then you need to use the weekend to make your Monday arrive a bit better, without sacrificing your weekend to work. What To Do On The Weekend To Make Your Monday #Blogging Shine via @JulieNeidlinger Use  Friday And Sunday For  A Better Monday Monday arrives, for many of us, a groggy shock to the system. It's difficult to remember where you left off on Friday, and the lag in the morning that is required to resume forward motion from Friday wastes a lot of time. Mondays will never be productive if you wait until Monday to figure out what to do  with the day and the week. There's a reason TV chefs have all of their ingredients measured out and in bowls, ready to dump into the pot when the time is right. You don't want to be running around trying to find what you need, hoping you have enough, when the time crunch is on. The same can be said for your blogging. Doing a bit of prep work is like packing the night before you leave on a trip. Packing the early morning of a flight is stressful. Packing the night before and having everything ready to go means you can hit the ground running the next day. Mondays won't be productive if you wait until Monday to figure out what to do. #bloggingDo some prep so that when Monday arrives, you don't spend the first hour or two trying to figure out what's happening in blogging this week. Recommended Reading:  How To Write Faster, Even If You Procrastinate Handle your Fridays better. By making the most of your Friday- a day most of us are in a good mood- you can reduce the angst and workload of Mondays. Unfortunately, according to productivity app Flow, most workers experience a slump on Friday when it comes to productivity. That means Mondays are forced to be the busiest days; they are compensating for Friday. Kill unpleasant tasks. Friday morning should be the time to complete those onerous tasks that have been hounding you all week. Finish them before Friday afternoon so you can coast into the weekend- and so that you don't leave them for Monday. No one should start the work week with the most challenging tasks. Make Friday notes. One helpful trick I've always used is to make a list and notes in the last 20 minutes or so of work on Friday so that I know where I left off and what I was intending to do next. When you are "in the zone" and you stop for two days, it is extremely difficult to get back to where you left off and head in the right direction without a lot of backtracking. By leaving myself notes on Friday for when I arrived on Monday, I shaved a lot of wasted time off of my Monday morning. Your  Friday plans need to instruct where you'll start on  Monday. Plan the next week. Friday is a good time to plan the next week. Depending upon how far in advance you plan your editorial calendar, you might want to consider Fridays. Whatever you plan, Friday works well because you've come off a full week of activity and it's fresh in your mind. You have a good idea of where to head next week. Also, avoid content planning meetings for Monday, especially Monday mornings. Oddly, the Monday morning staff meeting is common in most offices. If you can, use the morning for serious work. Push meetings back into the afternoon. The point of many Monday meetings is to recap and discuss the coming week, which can all be done better in the afternoon on Friday. Plan, schedule consistent content, write content goals- but do it on Friday. Get to inbox zero. You should not start Monday with last week's email still nagging at you. Answer, delete, and clear out your inbox. That's a good Friday afternoon task. Do the heavy lifting during the week and finish it up by Friday. If your blog post involves interviews, follow-up questions, or heavy research, don't leave it for Monday. Make Monday as easy a day as possible. By turning Monday into a highly productive day, you give yourself a boost for the rest of the week. Nothing feels as good as completing tasks. The right Friday can turn your Monday into a productive powerhouse that keeps you ahead of the curve all week. Plan your upcoming week on Friday to  turn your Monday into a productive powerhouse. #bloggingUse Sunday to review and refresh. Your weekends should not be filled with work, so it's important not to turn Sunday into a full work day. However, in the evening, you can do a few minor things that prepare you for Monday without falling headlong into serious work. Review.  On Sunday evening, review your Friday notes, and what work you completed or were working on when you left on Friday on Sunday evening. Reread your research for upcoming posts.  Hopefully, you don't leave your research for a blog post until the last minute, and have been collecting research as soon as you scheduled topics to write.  Review your blog post research, and see if you have enough. Do you have enough to support your thesis? Do you need to do a little more research now so you're ready to go on Monday? If you feel like you're short on research but don't want to research on a weekend, make some notes about the areas you need to flesh out. Make some notes as a jumping off point.  Jot down notes and ideas of how you'll approach your blog post. These notes might be in the form of questions you want to be sure to answer when you actually write the post. In a way, these notes are a kind of trampoline. On Monday morning, you review your notes, and then take a leap into blog writing. The notes give you an extra boost. You can leap much further from a trampoline than the cold, hard ground. Review the week's editorial calendar.  Hop into your editorial calendar and see what tasks you have for the upcoming week. Check out the conversations on the blog posts you're involved in. Add any notes, tasks, or comments that other team members need to know. Get your tools in order.  The final way to close off your Sunday prep time is to make sure everything is in order. Depending on how you work (and where you work) will define what that looks like.  Work at home? Clean up your home office, and put away anything from the previous week that you don't need for the upcoming week. Lay out a pen, your daily planner- anything that you will be using. Set your desk and work area up so that when you walk in on Monday, you're ready to go.  Use a daily planner? Whether you use a paper daily planner or a planning app, review it. Any tasks from the previous week that you did not finish should be carried over to the new week. Image (C) Jim Davis A wisely used Friday and Sunday should leave Monday free and clear to simply write, write, write. You Shouldn't Be Blogging All The Time I'm wary to suggest even a modest review and prep time on Sunday, because it will encourage some bloggers to start working on the weekend. One of the interesting factoids in that Orbit Media survey is this statement: 8% of bloggers write all the time! They selected every option: before, during, and after work, as well as on nights and weekends. If you blog all the time, with or without a regular schedule, you're on your way to writer burnout. It's very easy to take the mantra that if you are a writer, you "must be writing every day!" and turn that into an unhealthy habit of constant writing at any time and in any place. Keep some of your time sacred, when you do not blog and you do not think about blogging. Keep some places sacred, too. If you sit down to enjoy an hour or two of TV, don't try multi-tasking (which doesn't work). Write during the time and in the place where writing gets done. Take a pass on the burnout that comes from always being "on" when it comes to blogging.

Francis Bacons Classic Essay, Of Truth

Francis Bacon's Classic Essay, Of Truth Of Truth is the opening essay in the final edition of the philosopher, statesman and jurist  Francis Bacons Essays or Counsels, Civil and Moral (1625). In this essay, as associate professor of philosophy Svetozar Minkov points out, Bacon addresses the question of whether it is worse to lie to others or to oneselfto possess truth (and lie, when necessary, to others) or to think one possesses the truth but be mistaken and hence unintentionally convey falsehoods to both oneself and to others (Francis Bacons Inquiry Touching Human Nature, 2010). In Of Truth, Bacon argues that people have a natural inclination to lie to others: a natural though corrupt love, of the lie itself. Of Truth What is truth? said jesting Pilate, and would not stay for an answer. Certainly, there be that delight in giddiness, and count it a bondage to fix a belief, affecting free-will in thinking as well as in acting. And though the sects of philosophers of that kind be gone, yet there remain certain discoursing wits which are of the same veins, though there be not so much blood in them as was in those of the ancients. But it is not only the difficulty and labor which men take in finding out of truth, nor again that when it is found it imposeth upon mens thoughts, that doth bring lies in favor, but a natural though corrupt love of the lie itself. One of the later school of the Grecians examineth the matter, and is at a stand to think what should be in it, that men should love lies where neither they make for pleasure, as with poets, nor for advantage, as with the merchant; but for the lies sake. But I cannot tell: this same truth is a naked and open daylight that doth not show the masques a nd mummeries and triumphs of the world half so stately and daintily as candle-lights. Truth may perhaps come to the price of a pearl that showeth best by day; but it will not rise to the price of a diamond or carbuncle, that showeth best in varied lights. A mixture of a lie doth ever add pleasure. Doth any man doubt that if there were taken out of mens minds vain opinions, flattering hopes, false valuations, imaginations as one would, and the like, but it would leave the minds of a number of men poor shrunken things, full of melancholy and indisposition, and unpleasing to themselves? One of the fathers, in great severity, called poesy vinum daemonum [the wine of devils] because it filleth the imagination, and yet it is but with the shadow of a lie. But it is not the lie that passeth through the mind, but the lie that sinketh in and settleth in it that doth the hurt, such as we spake of before. But howsoever these things are thus in mens depraved judgments and affections, yet truth, which only doth judge itself, teacheth that the inquiry of truth, which is the love-ma king or wooing of it; the knowledge of truth, which is the presence of it; and the belief of truth, which is the enjoying of it, is the sovereign good of human nature. The first creature of God in the works of the days was the light of the sense; the last was the light of reason; and his Sabbath work ever since is the illumination of his spirit. First he breathed light upon the face of the matter, or chaos; then he breathed light into the face of man; and still he breatheth and inspireth light into the face of his chosen. The poet that beautified the sect that was otherwise inferior to the rest, saith yet excellently well, It is a pleasure to stand upon the shore, and to see ships tossed upon the sea; a pleasure to stand in the window of a castle, and to see a battle and the adventures thereof below; but no pleasure is comparable to the standing upon the vantage ground of truth (a hill not to be commanded, and where the air is always clear and serene), and to see the errors and wanderings and mists and tempests in the vale below*; so always that this prospect be with pity, and not with swelling or pride. Certainly it is heaven upon earth to have a mans mind move in charity, rest in providence, and turn upon the poles of truth. To pass from theological and philosophical truth to the truth of civil business: it will be acknowledged, even by those that practice it not, that clear and round dealing is the honor of mans nature, and that mixture of falsehood is like alloy in coin of gold and silver, which may make the metal work the better, but it embaseth it. For these winding and crooked courses are the goings of the serpent, which goeth basely upon the belly and not upon the feet. There is no vice that doth so cover a man with shame as to be found false and perfidious; and therefore Montaigne saith prettily, when he inquired the reason why the word of the lie should be such a disgrace and such an odious charge. Saith he, If it be well weighed, to say that a man lieth, is as much as to say that he is brave towards God, and a coward towards man. For a lie faces God, and shrinks from man. Surely the wickedness of falsehood and breach of faith cannot possibly be so highly expressed as in that it shall be the last peal to call the judgments of God upon the generations of men: it being foretold that when Christ cometh, He shall not find faith upon the earth. *Bacons paraphrase of the opening lines of Book II of On the Nature of Things by Roman poet Titus Lucretius Carus.

Current Congress Legislation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current Congress Legislation - Essay Example Taxing small businesses fairly is a very important step in promoting them. American is strong due to the important role played by small businesses. Statistics indicate that more than 90 percent of all employers are small businesses. Therefore, if small businesses are not healthy, reducing unemployment in America is easy. Economists estimate that value of output from small businesses is 50% of non-farm GDP. With such a huge amount of output for the country, promoting small businesses is good for the American economy. The same companies are responsible for producing much of the knowledge that gives America competitive advantage over competitors. Small firms produce more patent per employee than large companies do. This suggests that without small firms, knowledge creation would take a beating. Small businesses in America are found everywhere. The numbers of small businesses are estimated at more than 22 million. A law that is beneficial to this huge number of small businesses will be felt in virtually every neighborhood in America. By virtue of their spread, they employ as much as 50% of all employees in private sector. Another important contribution of small businesses is exporting ("Office of Advocacy - Press Releases - Small Businesses Are Important Players in U.S. Business and Job Growth†). Currently, American is facing trade deficit because Americans import too much consumption goods more than export. By exporting, small business help, prevent the present trade imbalance from getting worse. Approximately 97% of American exporters are small businesses who export goods and services values as 27%of total export. Small businesses in America are started at a rate of half a million per year. This explains their capacity for creating jobs for Americans. If they are supported, more of these small businesses would succeed. Lastly, even the big Americans corporations that pay billions in tax every